现在越来越多的应用会使用viewpager+fragment显示自己的内容页,fragment和activity有很多共同点,如下图就是fragment的生命周期
但是fragment和activity不同的是当调用本身的onResume和onPause方法的时候可能并不是当前的fragment在显示,例如当加载下面这张图时,当我打开MainActivity时显示的是第一个fragment 但此时调用的方法步骤如下:
08-11 11:33:36.158 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onAttach08-11 11:33:36.158 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreate
08-11 11:33:36.159 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreateView
08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onActivityCreated
08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onResume()
08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onAttach
08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreate
08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreateView
08-11 11:33:36.161 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onActivityCreated
08-11 11:33:36.161 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onResume() 可见此时虽然用户看到的是第一个fragment 但第二个fragment onAttech onCreate
onCreateView onActivityCreater onStart(“这个我没油打印log”)onResume 方法已经调用,这会导致如果我们要统计用户更喜欢哪个fragment的内容时,虽然fragment已经创建并且onResume但其实并没有显示这一页,那么是什么原因呢,这是因为 v4包下的viewpager,为了让用户在切换过程中不会卡顿,谷歌官方默认当创建第一个fragment方法时回创建第二个fragment以确保用户滑动时第二个view已经被创建,保持viewPager的平滑滑动效果。
翻阅谷歌api发现viewpager有一个方法即 setOffscreenPageLimit。但当在viewpager设置以下代码
viewPager.setOffscreenPageLimit(0);
运行时打印的log和上面完全一致,即就算你设置只加载一个fragment还是会加载第二个fragment,原因是setOffscreenPageLimit中的源码时这样写的
- public void setOffscreenPageLimit(int limit) {
- if (limit < DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES) {
- Log.w(TAG, "Requested offscreen page limit " + limit + " too small; defaulting to " +
- DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES);
- limit = DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES;
- }
- if (limit != mOffscreenPageLimit) {
- mOffscreenPageLimit = limit;
- populate();
- }
- }
这个 DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES 定义如下 private static final int DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES = 1 ;
就是如果你设置为0 也没用。!!!
为了解决判断是否fragment当前显示问题 可以在fragment重写 setUserVisibleHint(boolean isVisibleToUser)
在fragment添加log日志
- public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {
- private static final String TAG = "Fragment1";
- @Override
- public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
- super.onAttach(activity);
- L.v(TAG, "onAttach");
- }
- @Override
- public void setUserVisibleHint(boolean isVisibleToUser) {
- L.v(TAG, "setUserVisibleHint " + isVisibleToUser);
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- L.v(TAG, "onCreate");
- }
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- L.v(TAG, "onCreateView");
- View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout,null);
- TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv1);
- tv.setText(TAG);
- return view;
- }
- @Override
- public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
- L.v(TAG,"onActivityCreated");
- }
- @Override
- public void onResume() {
- super.onResume();
- L.v(TAG, "onResume()");
- }
- @Override
- public void onPause() {
- super.onPause();
- L.v(TAG,"onPause");
- }
- @Override
- public void onStop() {
- super.onStop();
- L.v(TAG,"onStop");
- }
08-11 11:33:36.156 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint false
08-11 11:33:36.156 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ setUserVisibleHint false08-11 11:33:36.157 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint true08-11 11:33:36.158 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onAttach08-11 11:33:36.158 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreate08-11 11:33:36.159 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreateView08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onActivityCreated08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onResume()08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onAttach08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreate08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreateView08-11 11:33:36.161 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onActivityCreated08-11 11:33:36.161 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onResume()当切换到第二个fragment时打印日志:
08-11 11:33:54.084 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ setUserVisibleHint false
08-11 11:33:54.084 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint false08-11 11:33:54.084 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ setUserVisibleHint true08-11 11:33:54.084 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onAttach08-11 11:33:54.085 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onCreate08-11 11:33:54.085 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onCreateView08-11 11:33:54.085 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onActivityCreated08-11 11:33:54.085 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onResume()可见当fragment显示时回调用方法 setUserVisibleHint中的isVisibleToUser = true 当fragment被切换隐藏时回 isVisibleToUser = false;
所以当我们要统计是否用户看到一个fragment时可以执行一下代码
- @Override
- public void setUserVisibleHint(boolean isVisibleToUser) {
- L.v(TAG, "setUserVisibleHint " + isVisibleToUser);
- if (isVisibleToUser) {
- //统计代码 或者 fragment显示操作
- } else {
- }
- }
同时根据这个方法还可以进行数据的延迟加载,后面再写。
今天又看了一下发现单纯的执行上面的代码是有问题的,因为如果我们在else中认为用户是离开界面其实是不对的,因为根据启动第一个Fragment的log日志
08-11 11:33:36.156 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint false
08-11 11:33:36.156 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ setUserVisibleHint false08-11 11:33:36.157 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint true08-11 11:33:36.158 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onAttach08-11 11:33:36.158 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreate08-11 11:33:36.159 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreateView08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onActivityCreated08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onResume()08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onAttach08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreate08-11 11:33:36.160 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreateView08-11 11:33:36.161 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onActivityCreated08-11 11:33:36.161 7162-7162/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onResume()第一次setUserVisibleHint 方法 isVisibleToUser 是false 但其实这个时候只是还未初始化,并不是用户已经浏览界面准备离开,于是这里我们需要一个辅助标记变量具体代码如下:
- /**
- * 判断是否是初始化Fragment
- */
- private boolean hasStarted = false;
- @Override
- public void setUserVisibleHint(boolean isVisibleToUser) {
- super.setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser);
- L.v(TAG, "setUserVisibleHint " + isVisibleToUser);
- if (isVisibleToUser) {
- hasStarted = true;
- L.v(TAG,"开始界面");
- } else {
- if (hasStarted) {
- hasStarted = false;
- L.v(TAG,"结束界面");
- }
- }
- }
当我们启动MainActivity时 Log打印如下:
08-13 17:55:45.850 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint false
08-13 17:55:45.850 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ setUserVisibleHint false08-13 17:55:45.850 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onAttach08-13 17:55:45.850 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreate08-13 17:55:45.850 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint true08-13 17:55:45.860 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ 开始界面08-13 17:55:45.860 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onCreateView08-13 17:55:45.870 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onActivityCreated08-13 17:55:45.880 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onResume()08-13 17:55:45.880 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onAttach08-13 17:55:45.880 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreate08-13 17:55:45.880 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onCreateView08-13 17:55:45.880 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onActivityCreated08-13 17:55:45.880 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ onResume()切换到第二个fragment时,此时离开第一个fagment log打印如下
08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ setUserVisibleHint false
08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ setUserVisibleHint false08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ 结束界面08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ setUserVisibleHint true08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ 开始界面08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onAttach08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onCreate08-13 17:57:04.310 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onCreateView08-13 17:57:04.320 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onActivityCreated08-13 17:57:04.320 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ onResume()切换到第三个fragment时,此时离开第二个fragment log打印如下:
08-13 17:58:15.040 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ setUserVisibleHint false
08-13 17:58:15.040 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment2﹕ 结束界面08-13 17:58:15.040 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ setUserVisibleHint true08-13 17:58:15.040 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment3﹕ 开始界面08-13 17:58:15.040 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onPause08-13 17:58:15.040 21467-21467/com.example.yinsgo.myui V/Fragment1﹕ onStop可见这样就可以准确统计用户是否离开或者开始浏览界面了。根据这些开始和离开可以统计用户停留界面的时间等数据。